In the series of theories based on cognitive choice, here's Victor H. Vroom's theory, published in 1964. It links an individual's motivation to his or her expectations and the chances of achieving them.

The theory takes the form of a three-variable formula:

Motivation = Valence x Instrumentality x Expectation

• Valence is the value, positive or negative, that we attribute to the possible results of our actions or performance. It is, therefore, a completely subjective estimate.

• Instrumentality concerns the relationship between the result of an action and the consequences of that result. It is not the result itself but the effect it will have on a wider objective.

• Expectation is the level of confidence the individual has in his or her chances of success.

This theory was one of the first to focus on the individual's ambitions and sense of self-worth in achieving his or her goals.

Vroom's theory is considered the most relevant and, ultimately, the only true theory of motivation.[1]

Vroom's theory initiated a long series of research and theories with even more complicated words and convoluted formulas.

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[1] Maugeri, Salvatore. Théories de la motivation au travail - 2ème édition (Les Topos) (French Edition) . Dunod.