The '90s saw the development of a new organizational model from Asia: Lean management. This is an approach to work (as an activity) that seeks to optimize it on an ongoing basis by "trimming" sources of waste. This approach is based mainly on methods implemented by Toyota at the end of the Second World War. The war-torn country was seeking to redevelop its industry and improve production quality.
Lean introduced the concepts of KPIs, Value Stream Mapping, and 5S (seiri: sort, seiton: tidy, seiso: clean, seiketsu: standardize, shitsuke: respect).
This organizational method, primarily adapted to the automotive industry, has been adapted to almost all types of modern business.
Lean also strongly influenced the original conception of agile methods, which are developing in the IT world.